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​Mangel (Roma begging)

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​Photo by Patrick Hendry on Unsplash
Cases: children begging or parents begging with their children (criminal law).

Cultural test
Legal Insights
Anthropological insights

Proposed balancing act: The application of the rules on begging should be inspired by the constitutional principles of solidarity and assistance as well as by Article 30 of the Italian Constitution, which protects the child's right to his or her family of origin, a right that the imprisonment of the parent would compromise. A constitutionally compliant interpretation suggests that the facts of simple, harmless and non-traumatic begging of minors should not be subsumed in the case of Article 600 octies of the Italian criminal code (anyone who takes advantage of a child while begging). For instance, as is already the case in the first instance courts’ jurisprudence, parents who take newborn children with them to breast-feed them should be acquitted. To this could be added cases in which the child is still of pre-school age, if no other harm is derived from begging, or cases in which parents do not know who to entrust their children to or need to find financial resources, especially in cases in which there is a total absence of state assistance and aid. 

Bibliographic references
​Legal bibliography:
 
Colaianni, N. (1996). "Mendicità e solidarietà." Foro Italiano, p. 1148.
Miazzi, L. (2009). "Mendicare con il proprio figlio non significa renderlo schiavo." Nota a sentenza: Corte Cass. Pen, sez. V, 28 novembre 2008, n. 44516, Questione Giustizia, 2, p. 203.
Pazè, P. (2001). "I rom abbandonano i bambini?" Questione Giustizia, 2, p. 170.
Pepino, L. (2010). "I sindaci, l'accattonaggio, la Costituzione." Nota a ordinanza: TAR Veneto, 3 marzo 2010, Questione giustizia, 4, p. 202.
Pepino, L. (2011). "Guerra alla povertà o guerra ai poveri?" Questione giustizia, 3-4, p. 290.
Sciutteri, D. (2022). "La repressione penale della mendicità, tra solidarietà e multiculturalismo." Archivio penale, 1.
Pannia, P. (2014). “Grammatica di un’esclusione: i rom sotto processo.” Studi sulla questione criminale, Fascicolo 1-2, gennaio-agosto.
Ruggiu, I. (2016). “Is begging a Roma cultural practice? Answers from the Italian legal system and anthropology.” Romani Studies, vol. 26, n. 1, pp. 31-61.
Simoni, A. (2000). “La mendicità, gli zingari e la cultura giuridica italiana: uno schizzo di tappe e problemi.” Polis, Fascicolo 3, dicembre.
 
Anthropological bibliography (recommended reading):
 
Baldino, N. (2020). "«Ora sì che sei una vera romní!». Mangel e identità rom." Etnografia e ricerca qualitativa, 3, settembre-dicembre, pp. 463-482.
Ciniero, A. (2013). “I rom del Campo Panareo di Lecce tra marginalità socio-lavorativa e contingenza. Uno studio di caso.” Dada Rivista di antropologia post-globale, 2, 111-133.
 
The scholar, following detailed fieldwork, analyses the historical reasons that led to the use of the practice of mangel among a Roma group in the Lecce area. This is a clear example that demonstrates the economic (and not cultural) roots of this activity, which is strongly linked to a condition of difficulty in accessing the socio-economic resources of the context.
 
Piasere, L. (2000c). “Antropologia sociale e storica della mendicità zingara.” Polis, XIV(3), 409-28.
A fundamental text for understanding the social and political reasons for the perpetuation of mangel economic activity. Piasere is one of the most authoritative scholars of Roma populations, and in this article, he analyses the various social, economic and political components that have an influence on Roma begging.
 
Saletti Salza, C. (2008). "I minori ‘nomadi’ e le relazioni economiche e sociali con i gagé. Qualche riflessione sull’accattonaggio tra i romá." Minorigiustizia, n. 3,
 
A very interesting short article to understand the meanings of begging with minors and our society's interpretation of the issue.
 
Anthropological bibliography (for more details):
 
Piasere, L. (1995). Comunità girovaghe, comunità zingare. Napoli: Liguori.
Piasere, L. (1999). Un mondo di Mondi. Antropologia delle culture rom. L’Ancora, Napoli.
Piasere, L. (2000a). "I significati della mendicità nelle culture zingare." Polis, XIV(3), 367 – 438.
Piasere, L. (2000b). "La mendicità e gli zingari." Polis, XIV(3), 367 – 70.
Piasere, L. (2004). I rom d’Europa. Una storia moderna. Bari, Laterza.
Tauber, E. (2000). "L’‘altra’ va a chiedere. Sul significato del mangapen tra i sinti estraiχaria." Polis, n. 3/2000 dicembre, Il Mulino, Bologna, 391-408.
Tosi Cambini, S. (2017). "La dimensione politica della mendicità. Contributo alla ridefinizione del fenomeno in rapporto al governo della città." Minority Reports, Cultural Disability Studies, 5, 113-142.

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